Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough treatment, but access to this therapy is heavily influenced by social, geographic, and economic factors, potentially widening healthcare disparities. This study aimed to analyse global trends in scientific publications related to cancer immunotherapy within the context of social justice, service access, and social determinants of health through a bibliometric approach. Data were collected from the Scopus database (2017–2025) using a defined Boolean search query, and analysis was performed using VOSviewer, Publish or Perish, and Microsoft Excel. The results show a gradual increase in publications, with a significant spike in 2021 and a peak in 2024. The United States was the primary hub for knowledge production, followed by European countries, while developing regions such as Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America had minimal representation. International collaboration patterns revealed the dominance of North–North partnerships, with limited involvement from developing countries. Keyword analysis highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary approaches, addressing social determinants, healthcare access, and financing issues, but also revealed underexplored areas such as cultural contexts and social support. The findings emphasise the urgent need for more inclusive research agendas and international collaborations involving low- and middle-income countries. Strengthening capacity building, integrating regional and non-English databases, and prioritising social and cultural dimensions in future research are recommended strategies to ensure that advances in cancer immunotherapy contribute to reducing, rather than exacerbating, global health inequities.

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The majority of people today would suffer and pass away from the hepatitis C virus (HCV); there is little knowledge of the illness in the world. Although many individuals have HCV characteristics and are affected, several individuals do not genuinely believe that this is a major issue. They are simply visiting the hospital to get short-term relief from symptoms like fatigue, nausea, jaundice; in long-term situations, they may experience fluid accumulation in the belly and easily bruise. Later on, it will develop into a chronic illness that causes liver cancer, liver failure, and scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). Since HCV continues to be a major cause of death among the populations, we established a compartmental framework for the nationwide outbreak in the current research, classifying those infected into two sections with the most effective control. To get the fundamental reproduction number, first, we employed the Next-Generation Matrix method to identify the model's endemic and disease-free equilibrium point. Using infected and disease-free equilibrium points with reproduction number coordination, as well as MATLAB software to simulate the model's numerical equations, the local and global stability were analysed.

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Chronic wounds in older adults are a growing concern due to impaired immunity, delayed epithelialization, and prolonged inflammation. These wounds lead to significant morbidity, increased healthcare costs, and reduced quality of life. Immunotherapies and adjunctive interventions show promise but remain insufficiently validated in geriatric populations. This study aimed to synthesize and map current evidence on immune-based strategies and supportive approaches for chronic wound management in the elderly, focusing on mechanisms, outcomes, and delivery challenges. A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, complemented by manual screening, identified eligible studies using the PCC (Population–Concept–Context) framework. Data extracted included therapeutic class, mechanism, wound type, and outcomes. Of 1,142 records, 89 met inclusion. Key immunotherapies included NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, regulatory T-cell modulators, and mTOR-targeted agents, which improved re-epithelialization and reduced cytokines in preclinical models. However, evidence in elderly human cohorts was scarce. Adjunctive strategies—such as protein supplementation, senescence-targeted agents, and engineered biomaterials—enhanced immunotherapy effects. Major barriers were the lack of wound-specific formulations, limited geriatric trial representation, and underdeveloped topical delivery systems. While immunotherapy shows mechanistic potential to correct immune dysregulation in chronic wounds, most data remain preclinical. Multi-modal strategies integrating immunotherapy, nutrition, and bioengineered scaffolds, tailored to aging physiology, are needed to improve outcomes and require rigorous clinical validation.

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Asthma and allergies both cause similar signs and symptoms and often occur together. Evidence for the effectiveness of immunotherapy has rapidly increased in recent years. Several well-designed studies have demonstrated that allergen immunotherapy may prevent the development of asthma in people with allergic rhinitis. The present study aimed to assess the effect of subcutaneous immunotherapy with specific allergens on clinical symptoms, immunological factors, and cytokines in patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma from the Kyrgyz Republic. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with a slight to moderate level of persistent asthma and moderate to severe allergic rhinitis who had been referred to Osh State Clinic in Osh city, Kyrgyz Republic, from March 2000 to February 2025. About 160 atopic patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma were included in the study; confirmed by history, physical examination, and SPT, irrespective of gender. In patients with allergic asthma, 23 (58.97%) patients showed complete symptom improvement, 11 (28.2%) patients showed complete improvement, and 5 (12.82%) patients showed no response to treatment. Compared to previous treatment in the allergic rhinitis group, the cytokine TGFβ was significantly increased (p < 0.001), while the levels of IFN-γ (p = 0.047) and FOXP3 (p = 0.013) were also insignificantly decreased after immunotherapy. This study examined the impact of standard subcutaneous immunotherapy on patients with allergic respiratory diseases.  The study also shows that immunotherapy stands as the most effective treatment for asthma and nasal allergies in patients who meet selection criteria, especially when medications do not work.

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