Volume 9 Issue 1 (2025)

This study investigates the therapeutic mechanisms of modified Wumei pills in colon cancer treatment, utilizing network pharmacology and bioinformatics to uncover the active ingredients and their corresponding targets that intersect with colon cancer-related genes.We identified the active components of Wumei pills using the TCMSP database and predicted their targets with Swiss Target Prediction. Disease-related targets were identified through GeneCards and Disgenet. Network analysis, GO, KEGG, and PPI network construction were performed. Immunohistochemical assessments validated gene expression patterns, and ROC curve and Cox regression analyses evaluated the prognostic significance and patient prognosis correlation.The study revealed 112 common targets associated with colon cancer, with six key genes (ADRA2B, CXCR3, CYP19A1, NR1H2, PAPPA, PGR) prioritized. Functional enrichment analyses indicated significant associations with biological processes and pathways related to colon cancer. Immunohistochemical assessments confirmed the expression patterns of these genes within colon cancer tissues. ROC curve analysis highlighted the prognostic significance of the PGR gene, while molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies demonstrated robust binding affinity of active components to their targets, particularly Diop with CXCR3.The research provides a scientific framework for the application of modified Wumei pills in colon cancer management, identifying potential key genes and pathways. The findings suggest that these pills could influence tumor growth and the immune microenvironment, offering novel insights for targeted therapy and immunotherapy in colon cancer treatment.

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that is a product of nervous system damage or dysfunction. Since the drugs prescribed by the physician provide partial pain relief to the patients. Hence, current updates for its treatment are required. It is a global concern as neuropathic pain happens in many diseased conditions like cancer, trauma, surgery and diabetics, etc. Developed as well as developing countries are both trying to find suitable medicine. Understanding the mechanisms behind it can be crucial for the effective treatment and management of neuropathic pain. Central sensitization in the spinal cord and brain amplifies pain signals, increasing pain sensitivity even without tissue damage. Peripheral sensitization, at the injury site, sensitizes peripheral nerves, lowering pain thresholds. Recognizing and studying these sensitizations are vital for understanding and managing chronic neuropathic pain and improving patients’ quality of life. The present manuscript encompasses a mechanism and model for neuropathic pain in animals with its advantages and disadvantages.

Background: When type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurs concomitantly with ischemic stroke, it poses a major challenge to global public health and is related to poor prognosis. Inflammation is a crucial factor driving the progression of this condition. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which was considered capable of comprehensively assessing the overall immunity and inflammation, has a relationship with the mortality of T2DM patients suffering from ischemic stroke that has not yet been fully clarified. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between SII and mortality at 28 days and one year in T2DM patients complicated with ischemic stroke. Methods: The research utilized data from the MIMIC-IV database, with participants categorized into three groups based on SII tertiles. The primary outcome focused on mortality at 28 days and one year. The association between SII and mortality was assessed through smoothed curve fitting methods and multivariate Cox regression analyses. To analyse cumulative survival rates across these time frames, Kaplan-Meier curves were employed. Additionally, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to gauge the predictive capabilities of SII. To ensure the reliability of the findings, subgroup analyses were performed. Results: This study evaluated a total of 1,204 patients. The results indicated that an increase in SII correlated with an increased likelihood of mortality at both 28 days and one year among individuals with T2DM complicated by ischemic stroke. Higher levels of SII were significantly linked to an elevated hazard ratio for 28-day (HR: 1.43, P<0.01) and 1-year (HR: 1.27, P<0.01) mortality in this patient group. A nonlinear relationship between SII and mortality in this patient population was evident from the smoothed fitting curve (P<0.01). The ROC analysis demonstrated that SII outperformed both the SOFA and GCS scores in predicting mortality in this patient population. The decision curve analysis reinforced that SII offered a superior net benefit compared to the SOFA and GCS scores. Subgroup analyses showed no significant interaction between SII and all subgroups (P value of interaction >0.05). Conclusion: In T2DM patients with ischemic stroke, higher SII levels correlated with increased mortality at 28 days and one year. 

The study conducted multidimensional data analysis on clinical records of 1,586 children with cerebral palsy to investigate the therapeutic value of immunotherapy in cerebral palsy rehabilitation and the advantages of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment. Using a multi-center, prospective cohort study design, a standardized data collection system was established, encompassing clinical baseline databases, treatment protocol records, and follow-up data collection. Baseline data analysis revealed significant heterogeneity among patients in clinical types, immune function, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes, with spastic type being the most common (52.46%) and immune function indicators generally below normal reference values. Patients were divided into four groups based on treatment protocols: modern rehabilitation therapy alone (Group A), modern rehabilitation combined with immunomodulation therapy (Group B), modern rehabilitation combined with TCM treatment (Group C), and modern rehabilitation combined with both immunomodulation and TCM treatment (Group D). After 12 months of treatment, comprehensive evaluation showed that Group D achieved a total effective rate of 91.86%, significantly higher than other groups; GMFM-88 scores improved by 24.78±5.89 points, with the most notable improvement in immune function indicators, particularly NK cell activity increasing from 12.43% to 18.45%. Multivariate analysis identified early diagnosis and treatment (≤2 years), normal baseline immune function, and standardized combination therapy as independent protective factors for favorable prognosis. Further research revealed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment showed significant advantages in improving motor function, regulating immune status, and reducing adverse reactions, with the combination therapy group showing a 45.67% reduction in recurrence rate and achieving 91.23% parental satisfaction. Through multidimensional data analysis, this study confirms the significant value of immunotherapy while providing important evidence for optimizing cerebral palsy rehabilitation strategies and developing individualized treatment plans. Future research should focus on optimizing data analysis methods, innovating integrated Chinese-Western medicine models, developing intelligent diagnosis and treatment systems, and advancing multi-center collaborative research to further improve the overall level of cerebral palsy rehabilitation.

The purpose of this study is to examine how the traditional Mongolian medicine Eerdun Wurile affects Fas and FasL proteins following retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIR) in rats. We used healthy adult rats (n=68) dividing them randomly into 5 groups: a control (n=4), a model (n=16), and three Eerdun Wurile treatment groups (n=16 each): high, medium, and low–dose group. The RIR rat model was created using the high intraocular pressure method. Eerdun Wurile was administered via gavage twice daily for a week prior to modeling, while the model group received a medium dose of normal saline. We utilized hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to observe retinal morphological changes under an optical microscope. Additionally, we employed immunohistochemical staining to determine how the treatment affected protein expression in the retinas of RIR rats. We observed that 24 hours after RIR, the retinal layers exhibited significant edema, disorganized structure, nuclear atrophy, and a substantial infiltration of inflammatory cells in the ganglion cell layer, accompanied by a reduction in ganglion cell count. As time progressed to 48 and 72 hours post-RIR, the retinal swelling gradually diminished, the retina became thinner, and numerous cells displayed vacuolation and nuclear condensation. Our findings suggest that Eerdun Wurile mitigates retinal cell damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in rats by suppressing the expression of Fas and FasL proteins in rat retinal cells following RIR induction. Notably, the high-dose Eerdun Wurile group demonstrated significantly greater efficacy compared to the medium- and low-dose groups.

This study investigated the response of human monocytes to co-culture with pegylated (linear or branched) graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, specifically examing both small (P-GOs, 100 -200 nm) and larger (P-GOb, 1-5 μm) particles at concentrations of 5, 25, and 50 µg mL^–1. Human monocytes (CD14⁺ cells) were isolated and cultured with these nanoparticles for 72 hours. We measured cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and cytokine production. The findings showed that P-GO nanoparticles had little effect on  cytokine production, including MIF, GM-CSF, VEGF, IP-10, IL-8, HGF, and SCGF-beta in vitro. At a low concentration (5 μg mL^–1),  P-GO exhibited minimal influence on cytokines, except forthe LP-GOb variant, which increased M-CSF production. Conversely, 25 and 50 μg mL^–1 of P-GO nanoparticles enhanced the release of variouscytokines, including proinflammatory IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1α, IL-18, IL-17, IL-16, IFN-γ, TNF-β, TNF-α, anti-inflammatory IL-1ra, IL-13, IL-10, IL-4, regulatory  G-CSF, IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), M-CSF, GM-CSF and chemokines CTACK, Eotaxin, GRO-α, RANTES, MIP-1β, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MCP-3, MIG, SDF-1α, growth factors Basic FGF, PDGF-BB, SCF, and LIF and TRAIL. Although higher concentrations of P-GO nanoparticles resulted in significant cytokine production, monocyte viability remained largely unaffected . LDH release was elevated solely in samples treated with 50 μg mL^–1 of LP-GOb. BP-GOs showed minimal influence on cytokine profiles, raising M-CSF levels at the highest concentration. These results indicate that modifying graphene oxide nanoparticles may hold potential for creating graphene-based pharmacological agents.

Mindfulness therapy, a psychological approach emphasizing awareness of the present experience without judgment, has gained attention as a potential intervention for improving the quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases in Indonesia. With the increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases and their associated physical and psychological symptoms, mindfulness therapy is highly relevant. This review explored the mechanisms of action, case studies, challenges, and recommendations for implementing mindfulness therapy in Indonesia. Mindfulness has been shown to modulate brain activity associated with emotional processing, reduce inflammation, improve pain management, enhance social relationships, and improve sleep quality. Case studies in Indonesia have demonstrated the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, with participants reporting significant improvements in their physical and mental symptoms. However, challenges such as insufficient understanding among medical personnel, societal stigma, limited availability of programs, cultural factors, and lack of comprehensive research need to be addressed. Recommendations include enhanced education and training for medical personnel, public awareness initiatives, the development of culturally appropriate programs, improved accessibility, and further research on the effectiveness of mindfulness therapy in Indonesia. By addressing these challenges and implementing recommendations, mindfulness therapy can be effectively integrated into the Indonesian healthcare system to improve patient's quality of life with autoimmune diseases.