Volume 2 Issue 1: June 2023

Natural disasters can take away children’s lives and their right to quality education. This article identifies and discusses strategies that schools can employ to prepare for and minimise the effects of natural disasters. Using theoretical propositions and literature on disaster management, the article discusses strategies for the prevention of and preparedness to respond to and recovery from natural disasters within a school setting. Evidence from research indicates that there are basic principles and practices of disaster management that school management and learners may not be aware of. Based on the identified theoretical principles and practices for disaster management, the article concludes that both state and non-state parties have disaster management responsibilities and therefore should formulate and disseminate the basic principles and practices of disaster prevention, preparedness and post-disaster therapy to schools because of the vulnerability of children to disaster. In addition, it also recommends that disaster management should be included in the school curricula through subjects like geography, science, social studies or civic education and life orientation or skills training.

Snowstorms are among the most significant natural phenomena affecting Japan, shaped by the country’s unique geographical location, climatic diversity, and mountainous terrain. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the geographical phenomena underlying snowstorms in Japan, examining their causes, patterns, and impacts. The interplay of Siberian air masses, ocean currents, and the Japanese Alps results in some of the heaviest snowfalls globally, particularly along the Sea of Japan coastline. These snowstorms impact transportation, infrastructure, economy, human safety, and the environment, creating both challenges and opportunities for the nation. The study explores Japan's advanced adaptation and mitigation strategies, including snow-resistant infrastructure, effective governance, community resilience, and cutting-edge weather prediction systems. Furthermore, it addresses the influence of climate change on snowstorm patterns and highlights the need for climate-resilient infrastructure and global collaboration in managing these extreme weather events. By shedding light on the dual nature of snowstorms—both as a disruptive force and a resource, this paper underscores the importance of sustainable and innovative approaches to snowstorm management in Japan and other snow-prone regions worldwide.

The frequency, severity, and distribution of hurricanes in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean have changed significantly during the last 20 years (2003–2023). This study examines these differences along with trends, environmental factors, and their wider ramifications. The results show that increasing sea surface temperatures and increased ocean heat content contribute to an increase in storm strength, with a greater percentage of significant hurricanes (Category 3 and above). The effects of climate change and natural events like the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are highlighted by changes in storm paths and prolonged seasonal activity. This review highlights the urgent need for coordinated action, combining scientific research, policy interventions, and community resilience strategies to adapt to changing hurricane behavior. Ecosystems like coral reefs and mangroves, which serve as natural storm buffers, are becoming more vulnerable; improvements in forecasting technology and disaster preparedness are essential for reducing these risks in tandem with international efforts to address climate change. The effects on human populations and ecosystems are significant, including increased risks of storm surges, displacement, economic losses, and environmental degradation. The Eastern North Pacific region can more effectively handle the socioeconomic and environmental issues brought on by storms in a warming world by combining these initiatives.