The Umbrella Review of VDR Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Diabetes and Possible Implications in Immunotherapy

Trends in Immunotherapy

Review Article

The Umbrella Review of VDR Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Diabetes and Possible Implications in Immunotherapy

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https://doi.org/10.54963/ti.v10i1.1104
Kalmatov Romanbek Kalmatovich, Karar Hassan Omran, , Y. K., Shatha Sadiq Al-Marayaty, Talib Kaleefa, & Makhanbetkulova Dinara. (2026). The Umbrella Review of VDR Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Diabetes and Possible Implications in Immunotherapy. Trends in Immunotherapy, 10(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.54963/ti.v10i1.1104
Volume 10, Issue 1 (March 2026): In Progress
Copyright (c) 2026 Kalmatov Romanbek Kalmatovich, Karar Hassan Omran, Yousif Kadhim , Shatha Sadiq Al-Marayaty, Talib Kaleefa, Makhanbetkulova Dinara
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Authors

  • Kalmatov Romanbek Kalmatovich

    Department of Pathology, International Medical Faculty, Osh State University, Osh 723500, Kyrgyzstan
  • Karar Hassan Omran

    Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Al Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, Iraq
  • Yousif Kadhim

    Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Al-Turath University, Baghdad 10013, Iraq
  • Shatha Sadiq Al-Marayaty

    Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad 10064, Iraq
  • Talib Kaleefa

    Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Madenat Alelem University College, Baghdad 10006, Iraq
  • Makhanbetkulova Dinara

    Department of Nursing, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty A35D8X0, Kazakhstan

Received: 18 March 2025; Revised: 6 May 2025; Accepted: 5 June 2025; Published: 26 January 2026

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigated VDR gene polymorphism correlations with T1D and T2D outcomes. We reviewed and meta-analyzed all VDR gene polymorphism research, including clinical outcome case-control studies. We conducted a comprehensive review using systematic data analysis to evaluate the association between VDR gene polymorphism and the risk of diabetes. According to the predefined search strategy and selection criteria, the article reporting the correlations of FokI polymorphisms and the risk of T1D included 40 papers (5,406 cases and 7,507 controls). Forty-three papers (10,252 cases and 9466 controls) focused on the associations between the FokI polymorphisms and T2D risk. The articles evaluated 10,252 cases and 9466 controls. Six meta-analyses linked the Fokl gene polymorphism to T1D and T2D. Summaries were nominally significant in 50% of observational meta-analyses. We demonstrated no association between VDR gene polymorphism and T1D risk across different ethnicities. T2D risk was also highly connected to the FokI polymorphism in Asian ethnicity. Gene-environment interactions must be investigated to understand these associations. The FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene has been extensively investigated, but more research is needed to know how VDR SNPs cause DM. Diabetes risk is linked to VDR gene polymorphism in this study. Diabetes risk is linked to the VDR gene polymorphism in this study. More research and well-planned studies are necessary for certainty.

Keywords:

Diabetes Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism Umbrella Review

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