Prevention and Treatment of Natural Disasters

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Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Eastern Hindu Kush Region Using Integrated Geo-Statistical and Spatial Hydrological Approach

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https://doi.org/10.54963/ptnd.v3i2.262
Sarwar, M., & Mahmood, S. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) in Eastern Hindu Kush Region Using Integrated Geo-Statistical and Spatial Hydrological Approach. Prevention and Treatment of Natural Disasters, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.54963/ptnd.v3i2.262
Volume 3 Issue 2 (2024): In Progress
Copyright (c) 2024 Mariam Sarwar, Shakeel Mahmood
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Authors

  • Mariam Sarwar Department of Geography, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • Shakeel Mahmood
    Department of Geography, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-0735

Glacier retreat, a major impact of climate change that continues to occur in many parts of the world, continues to increase the risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in northern Pakistan. The rapid melting of glaciers in the mountains of Northern Pakistan, including the Hindu Kush, the Himalayas and the Karakoram, the rapid melting of glacier has led to the formation of 3044 glacial lakes, with 33 identified as particularly vulnerable to GLOFs. This study uses remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) methods for mapping and representing GLOFs. Based on the observational data of lake area, volume, and depth, empirical equations are developed through statistical methods. Only two lakes, Chitral-GL2 and Swat-G31, are classified as lakes with high potential for GLOF. Through modeling techniques using HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS spatial hydrological models integrated with GIS remote sensing, the spatial extent and depth of inundations under different lake volumes are assessed. The analysis reveals that a total area of 20.56 km2 is susceptible to submersion by GLOFs, with Chitral-GL2 flooding area of 14.80 km2 and Swat-GL31 5.79 km2. Different land types are impacted by critical water depths, with built-up and agricultural lands 2.7 km2 totally, and barren lands 8.93 km2 under different flood depths ranging from less than 5 m to over 15 m.

Keywords:

climate change flood GIS RS GLOF HEC-Geo RAS HEC-RAS Hindu Kusch

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