Volume 1 Issue 1: March 2022

Low-z materials are exemplary candidates in tiling critical plasma-facing components in future fusion reactors due to their low ablation rates under intense high heat fluxes especially during abnormal and hard disruption events. Beryllium and Lithium as low-z materials show good performance as plasma-facing materials in current tokamak. Future tokamaks will exhibit long duration hard disruptions, which in turn requires further investigation of plasma-facing materials, as Li and Be, to judge their performance and evaluate their erosion rates. Electrothermal plasma capillary discharges are used to simulate the high-heat flux deposition on materials to assess their erosion rates. The electrothermal plasma code ETFLOW, which is written for capillary discharges to predict the plasma parameters and erosion rates is used to simulate the high-heat flux conditions similar to expected disruption events for simulated heat fluxes from as low as ~50 to as high as ~290 GW/m2 with a reconnoitering of generating the Be and Li plasmas up to the third ionization (Br+++, Li+++). Performance of Be and Li under the lowest capillary discharge currents (50 kA and 100 kA) is almost identical, however, Li shows sharper increase in the plasma pressure, heat flux, total ablated mass and the exit velocities than Be for higher discharge currents (150, 200 and 250 kA). This huge difference between the performance of Li and Be under low and high heat fluxes can be an important issue for the future magnetic fusion reactors.

The article considers the scientifically substantiated, systematized solar energy resource potentials of Turkmenistan. Geoinformation technological maps based on solar energy resource potentials for use in Turkmenistan have been developed, compiled. The obtained technical, economic potentials and environmental indicators from the use of power plants based on them have been developed. Solar geoinformation technological maps for the placement of water-lifting plants and solar thermal cells make it possible to increase energy efficiency and environmental safety. The expected environmental and economic effect of the use of solar-energy technological installations in the conditions of the Karakum desert zone is from: reduction of various harmful substances into the environment when selling at a price of 6 US dollars to CO2 carbon fund - 425437.3 tons per year, financial profit will be $ 2.5 million; fossil fuel savings 82.160 thousand tons of fuel equivalent per year or electricity generation of 663.4 GWh per year.