The Impact of Urbanization on Sustainable Agriculture: Challenges, Adaptation Strategies, and Policy Implications

Abstract:

This study examines the multifaceted impacts of urbanization on sustainable agriculture across developing and developed economies, with a focus on land use change, resource scarcity, and socioeconomic dynamics. Using a mixed-methods approach (spatial analysis, case studies, and statistical modeling), we analyze data from 15 urban agglomerations (2018–2023) to identify key challenges: farmland conversion (average 2.3% annual loss), water stress (40% of study regions), and labor outflow (15–25% decline in agricultural workforce). We also evaluate adaptation strategies, including urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA), precision farming, and policy interventions like land zoning. Results show that UPA can reduce food miles by 30–50% and enhance local food security, while policy coherence (e.g., aligning urban planning with agricultural policies) increases sustainability outcomes by 28%. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, farmers, and urban planners to mitigate urbanization’s adverse effects and foster synergies between urban development and sustainable agriculture.