Article

In vitro cytotoxic and inhibitory effect of tramadol, flunitrazepam and levonogestrel on neutrophils and myeloperoxidase

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Bukoye Oyewo, E., Oluwafunmilayo Ajayi, J., Joseph Oso, B., Sanmi Adekunle, A., Temidayo Ige, P., & Ayomide Akomolafe, P. (2024). In vitro cytotoxic and inhibitory effect of tramadol, flunitrazepam and levonogestrel on neutrophils and myeloperoxidase. Trends in Immunotherapy, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.24294/ti.v8.i1.2463

Authors

  • Emmanuel Bukoye Oyewo
    Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
  • Juliana Oluwafunmilayo Ajayi Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
  • Babatunde Joseph Oso Department of Biochemistry, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo 110117, Nigeria
  • Adeniran Sanmi Adekunle Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
  • Peace Temidayo Ige Department of Public Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
  • Peter Ayomide Akomolafe Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ayede 210101, Nigeria

The abuse of flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel among adolescents is a major problem, with adverse effects on the immune system. Neutrophils serve as the host primary defense and employ the role of an essential enzyme, myeloperoxidase. This study investigated the in vitro effect of flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel on the activity of the neutrophil. Neutrophils were isolated from blood samples of volunteers and seeded in culture plates, and then treated with flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel. Trypan blue exclusion assay was used to assess the cytotoxic effect of flunitrazepam, (15, 150, 1500, 15,000, 150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (300, 3000, 30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (18.5, 185 and 1850 ng/mL) on the neutrophils, and the effect flunitrazepam (150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (1850 ng/mL) on myeloperoxidase activity was assessed. The viability of neutrophils treated with flunitrazepam, (15,000, 150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (300, 3000, 30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (18.5, 185 and 1850 ng/mL) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with control. Myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils treated with flunitrazepam (150,000 ng/mL), tramadol (30,000 µg/ml) and levonorgestrel (1850 ng/mL) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared with background and positive control. This study revealed that flunitrazepam, tramadol and levonorgestrel altered the activity of myeloperoxidase and phagocytic activities of the neutrophil.

Keywords:

neutrophils myeloperoxidase flunitrazepam tramadol levonogestrel

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