Home » Trends in Immunotherapy

Immune Response to Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma-Fed Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Model

Baigashkaev Ertegin ORCID
Medical Faculty, Osh State University, Osh 723500, Kyrgyzstan
Abbas Mohemmed Jasim ORCID
Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Al Mansour University College, Baghdad 10067, Iraq
Hasanain Amer Naji ORCID
Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Al-Turath University, Baghdad 10013, Iraq
Saif Salah Abbas ORCID
Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad 10064, Iraq
Intisar Abdulghani ORCID
Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Madenat Alelem University College, Baghdad 10006, Iraq
Kenesh Dzhusupov ORCID
Public Health Department, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek 720054, Kyrgyzstan

Received: 14 February 2025; Revised: 3 March 2025; Accepted: 23 June 2025; Published: 10 December 2025

Abstract

Spray-dried plasma (SDP), a byproduct of the meatpacking industry, is commonly used in swine diets to enhance growth and optimize feed utilization. Multiple studies have shown that animals' immune responses can be improved by giving them plasma proteins like SDP orally. This study aims to highlight the importance of non-invasive dietary interventions in stimulating immune responses and enhancing immunological characteristics. A comprehensive search was conducted using the indexing databases Scopus, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL and out of the 541 publications initially searched, only 13 fit the specified criteria. This meta-analysis incorporated seven trials, including a total of 210 animals. The SDP group had significantly lower IL-10 levels (SMD: −1.79, 95% CI: −2.43, −1.15, I2: 60%, p = 0.04) compared to the control group.  The SDP group showed statistically higher TNF-α (SMD: 2.32, 95% CI: 0.74, 3.89, I2: 92%, p = 0.004) than the control group.  Also, the SDP group showed statistically higher IgG (SMD: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.15, I2: 54%, p = 0.04) than the control group. SDP alters cytokine secretion, promoting an anti-inflammatory immune profile. The positive impact of SDP in this model suggests that these supplements may help enhance immune responses.

Keywords

References

×