Jonny Jonny
Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; Indonesia Army Cell Cure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia; Faculty of Military Medicine, Indonesia Defense University, Bogor 16810, Indonesia
Pepita Zenia
Indonesia Army Cell Cure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia
Sanindita Kusumastuti
Indonesia Army Cell Cure Center, Gatot Soebroto Central Army Hospital, Jakarta 10410, Indonesia
Soetojo Wirjopranoto
Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
Chairul Anwar Nidom
Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Department of Research and Development Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia; Global Biosains Teknologi, Malang 65145, Indonesia
I Ketut Sudiana
Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
Elisa Diah Pratiwi
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Department of Research and Development Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia
Tiza Wuri Mawaddah
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Department of Research and Development Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia
Astria Novitasari Nidom
Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; Department of Research and Development Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia
Reviany Vibrianita Nidom
Department of Research and Development Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia
Setyarina Indrasari
Department of Research and Development Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia
Irma Yurita Rosytania
Department of Research and Development Laboratory, Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya 60236, Indonesia
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). While murine models are widely used for lupus research, their translational value is limited by physiological differences. Macaca fascicularis, a non-human primate, offers a closer model due to its genetic and immunological similarities to humans. Pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane), a hydrocarbon oil, can induce lupus-like manifestations, including ANA production, but evidence in Macaca fascicularis remains scarce. This study assessed ANA titers following pristane induction in seven macaques, with one serving as a negative control. A single intraperitoneal dose of pristane (5 mL/kg) was administered, and ANA titers were evaluated biweekly using ELISA. ANA seropositivity (titer ≥1:80) was first detected at week 4, increasing to four macaques by week 8 and persisting at four positives in week 10. The duration of ANA positivity varied across individuals, ranging from a single week to continuous six-week responses, with one showing a biphasic pattern. The control macaque remained negative throughout. Clinical observations included alopecia, weight loss, lymphopenia, hematuria, and proteinuria in ANA-positive animals. In conclusion, pristane induced measurable autoimmunity in Macaca fascicularis, supporting its utility as a translational model for lupus research and preclinical testing of therapeutic interventions.