Development of a Hydroponic System for Laboratory Rice Cultivation under 29 Nutrient Variation Treatments in a Greenhouse Environment

Intelligent Agriculture

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Development of a Hydroponic System for Laboratory Rice Cultivation under 29 Nutrient Variation Treatments in a Greenhouse Environment

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https://doi.org/10.54963/ia.v1i2.2045
Volume 1 Issue 2 (2025): In Progress
Copyright (c) 2025 Jelili Aremu Oyedokun, Muniru Olajide Okelola, Wasiu Babatunde Akanbi, Elijah Olusayo Omidiora, Olusola Adetola Ogunjirin
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Authors

  • Jelili Aremu Oyedokun

    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola Uni‑ versity of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
    Engineering and Scientific Services Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin 240103, Nigeria
  • Muniru Olajide Okelola

    Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola Uni‑ versity of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
  • Wasiu Babatunde Akanbi

    Department of Crop Production and Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Tech‑ nology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
  • Elijah Olusayo Omidiora

    Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Tech‑ nology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
  • Olusola Adetola Ogunjirin

    Engineering and Scientific Services Department, National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin 240103, Nigeria

Received: 25 August 2025 | Revised: 11 October 2025 | Accepted: 15 October 2025 | Published Online: 4 November 2025

This research discusses the creation and evaluation of an IoT-enabled hydroponic system built for controlled laboratory production of rice under 29 nutritional variation treatments within a greenhouse setting. The system featured automated watering, real-time monitoring, and continuous data logging to adjust temperature, humidity, pH, and electrical conductivity, ensuring exact environmental and nutrient control. Sustainable substrates such as coco peat and rice husks were applied to offer optimum aeration and moisture retention. Twenty-nine fertilizer recipes with different levels of N, P, and K were tried on the Farro 44 variety of rice and monitored for growth, tillering, and production as per fertilizer rates. Research indicated that plants receiving well-balanced formulas of N:P:K values of 10.50:5.25:10.50 ppm and 14:7:14 ppm were conducive for healthy vegetative growth, maximum tillering, and optimal production at 93 g per pot. Treatment with inadequate amounts caused a hold on growth with chlorosis and reduced biomass. The IoT-based control system made better use of water and nutrients and showed that hydroponic methods were good for precision farming. The research identifies and emphasizes the feasibility and efficacy of combining controlled hydroponics with IoT as an approach toward streamlined nutrient and water utilization for successful production. The use of solar energy and AI technology would be an area worth exploring for research on the large-scale implementation of intelligent hydroponic systems.

Keywords:

Hydroponics IoT Monitoring Nutrient Optimization Rice Cultivation Controlled Environment Sustainable Agriculture

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