Environmental and Human Health

Review

Microbial Degradation of Micro Plastic and Synthetic Dyes from Waste Water Effluent Using Local Fungal Isolates: A Review

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https://doi.org/10.54963/ehh.v1i1.2003
Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025)

Authors

  • Nagia Farage Ali

    Dyeing and Printing Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt
  • Ibrahim Shabaan Abd-Elsalam

    Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt

Received: 4 August 2025; Revised: 13 October 2025; Accepted: 17 November 2025; Published: 12 December 2025

Hazardous wastes are produced by the production of textile dyes and different industrial products. It is frequently discovered that the waste produced during the dyes' manufacturing and operation contains both organic and inorganic contaminants such as micro plastic, endangering ecosystems and biodiversity. These contaminates having an adverse effect on the environment. The current review aims to the decolonization and breakdown of azo dyes by fungi, bacteria, yeast, and algae; the physico-chemical treatment does not completely eliminate the concentration of color and dye chemicals. pH, temperature, dye concentration, nitrogen and CO effects, agitation, dye structure, electron donors, and enzymes involved in the microbial decolonization of azo dyes. Micro plastics are widely distributed and a major pollutant in our ecosystem. Micro plastics (MPs) are very small size plastic (<5 mm) present in environment, which comes from industrial, agricultural and household wastes. Plastic particles are more durable due to the presence of plasticizers and chemicals or additives. These plastics pollutants are more resistant to degradation. Inadequate recycling and excessive use of plastics lead to a large amount of waste accumulating in the terrestrial ecosystem, causing a risk to humans and animals. We will concentrate on the decolonization and breakdown of dye compounds into molecules that are safe for the environment. Dyes are resistant to deteriorating environmental elements and contain an aromatic composition. The bioremediation approach uses microorganisms to decrease, remove or transform hazardous materials in soils, sediments, water, and air into safe forms. The purpose of this study is to review data on the use of bioremediation technology for wastewater.

Keywords:

Biodegradation Fungi Micro Plastic Waste Water Dye Decolonization

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