Electric switchgear serves as the backbone of any power system; it protects, controls, and isolates electrical circuits. For decades, Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas has been the insulating and quenching medium of choice. SF6 gas has great dielectric properties, making SF6 gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) compact and highly dependable. However, SF6 gas is highly detrimental to the environment, havi...

In Brazil, diesel engines are widely used in freight transportation, particularly in the agricultural and agribusiness sectors, as well as in a significant portion of passenger transport. The main concern associated with these engines lies in the combustion of diesel fuel due to its harmful impacts on both the environment and human health. In order to mitigate these impacts, the replacement of ...

This paper presents an enhanced and comprehensive framework for optimal scheduling of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging by integrating Mixed Strategist Dynamics (MSD) with Forward Dynamic Programming (FDP) to achieve both user-level fairness and grid-oriented optimization. The MSD mechanism generates probabilistic charging strategies that distribute demand across time slots while incorpor...

Solar–hydrogen hybrid systems provide low-carbon and dispatchable energy, yet most existing configurations implicitly assume freshwater availability, thereby overlooking the role of water reuse in water-stressed regions. In semi-arid industrial contexts, the integration of clean energy systems with circular water management is essential for long-term sustainability. This study develops a closed...

 This paper experimentally validates the Virtual Current Method (VCM) for predicting the air-gap magnetic field and performance of a 12/10 Flux Switching Permanent Magnet (FSPM) machine. Unlike prior VCM studies, which are mainly limited to analytical derivation or numerical verification, this work provides a full experimental assessment using a fabricated FSPM prototype. The p...