Africa has the highest global otitis media (OM) burden; however, regional trends and projections remain underexplored. We assessed the OM burden (incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) across Africa (1992–2021) and forecasted 2037 trends. Data for this study were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database 1992 to 2021 and were analyzed usin...

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is a refractory airway disorder characterised by pathological scar formation and airway luminal narrowing, which severely impairs respiratory function and quality of life. This review systematically summarises the pathological mechanisms, anatomical characteristics and latest therapeutic progress of LTS, including iatrogenic and idiopathic subtypes. The core patho...

Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) has emerged as a transformative ultrasound-based imaging modality for the quantitative assessment of tissue stiffness, providing valuable insights into the biomechanical properties of normal and diseased tissues. Unlike conventional ultrasonography, which primarily relies on morphological evaluation, SWE enables real-time, reproducible, and relatively operator-inde...

Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) have long been viewed as passive conduits that merely maintain tissue fluid homeostasis. But that picture has changed dramatically. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) have revealed that LECs are highly heterogeneous and remarkably plastic in their functions. This review summarizes the new resear...

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a clinically heterogeneous inflammatory disorder characterized by persistent sinonasal inflammation and a notable tendency for recurrence, even in patients receiving appropriate medical and surgical treatment. This heterogeneity largely reflects differences in underlying inflammatory endotypes, which in turn influence clinical presentation, r...