New Energy Exploitation and Application

Review

Household Fuelwood Consumption and Its Implication for Carbon Dioxide Emission

Downloads

https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i2.263
Eshetu Abebaw, S. (2024). Household Fuelwood Consumption and Its Implication for Carbon Dioxide Emission. New Energy Exploitation and Application, 3(2), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.54963/neea.v3i2.263
Volume 3 Issue 2 (2024): In Progress
Copyright (c) 2024 Sintayehu Eshetu Abebaw
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright

The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.

License

New Energy Exploitation and Application (NEEA)  publishes accepted manuscripts under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by New Energy Exploitation and Application (NEEA) agree to have the CC BY 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for any purpose, including commercial use. As long as the author and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute, reuse and transform the content.

Authors

This review paper aims to gather informative data on the impact of climate extremes on the physical environment, public health, and the livelihoods of people in Ethiopia. The primary sources of data for this review were peer-reviewed journal articles obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed, Central, Scopus, and Web of Science. Globally, the vast majority of households in developing countries depend on wood energy for their daily energy needs. Such consumption trends are expected to remain a common feature of traditional wood energy production and consumption, at least in the short- to medium-terms. This situation increases the demand for firewood and charcoal from the forest. The process of harvesting standing trees for charcoal and fire wood leads to forest degradation. Although woody biomass has the function of energy consumption, and as a source of income for rural villagers and urban poor dwellers practicing agriculture, wood energy generally has low priority in national policies of developing countries. However, unsustainable management and negative environmental consequences in humid and dry forests is derived from the use of fuel wood energy. Still now there is an unsystematic assessment of the economic contribution and environmental consequences of wood energy use, so its significance and consequences have been minimized. This deforestation and forest degradation contributes 1–2.4 Gt CO2e of greenhouse gases, which is 2–7% of global anthropogenic emissions, with global greenhouse gas emissions mostly CO2.

Keywords:

fuelwood carbon emission

Author Biography

The author was born on 4 October 1995 G.C in Delanta District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia, on the September 23th of E.C. He attended his elementary and secondary school education at Dihana primary school and Wogeltena preparatory and general secondary school, respectively. Then, he joined Wollo University, Dessie Campus to pursue his BSc degree in 2015 G.C and certified in Forestry program after three years. In 2018 G.C he joined Mekdela Amba University as a Graduated Assistance I. he joined Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources to peruse his graduate (MSc) study on Climate Change and Development in 2019 G.C. finally the author have six year work experience in lecturing and performing researches and he has a certificate of training from AICCRA in Climate Risk Management in Agriculture.

Highlights

  • Provide information about existing situation of contribution of fuelwood for household income and it’s implication for carbon emission.
  • Provide realistic information on the household energy sources have a significant effect for environmental degradation.
  • To know the methodology for estimating approximated amount of fuelwood and its role for household income and carbon emission that harvested from the forests.
  • It will be used as an input of information for policy makers and sustainable forest manager for climate change adaptation and mitigation.

References

  1. Uhunamure, S.E.; Nethengwe, N.S.; Musyoki, A. Driving Forces for Fuelwood Use in Households in the Thulamela Municipality, South Africa. J. Energy South. Afr. 2017, 28, 25–34.
  2. Mhache, E.P. Impact of Woodfuel Production on the Livelihood of the People in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Huria: J. Open Univ. Tanzania 2007, 12, 193–212.
  3. Apodaca, L.F.; Devitt, D.A.; Fenstermaker, L.F. Assessing Growth Response to Climate in a Great Basin Big Sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata) Plant Community. Dendrochronologia 2017, 45, 52–61.
  4. Ebe, F.E. Socio-Economic Factors Influencing the Use of Fuelwood in Urban Areas of Enugu State, Nigeria. IOSR J. Bus. Manage. 2014, 16, 147–151.
  5. Ebe, F.E.; Uhunamure, S.E.; Nethengwe, N.S.; Musyoki, A. Economic Study of Fuel Wood Consumption in Enugu State, Nigeria. IOSR J. Bus. Manage. 2017, 16, 147–151.
  6. Tsegaye, D.; Vedeld, P.; Moe, S.R. Pastoralists and Livelihoods: A Case Study from Northern Afar, Ethiopia. J. Arid Environ. 2013, 91, 138–146.
  7. UNEP. Review of Wood fuel Biomass Production and Utilization in Africa: A Desk Study; United Nations Environment Programme: Nairobi, Kenya, 2019.
  8. Cerutti, P.O.; Sola, P.; Chenevoy, A.; Iiyama, M.; Yila, J.; Zhou, W.; Djoudi, H.; Atyi, R.E.A.; Gautier, D.J.; Gumbo, D.; et al. The Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Wood Energy Value Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Map Protocol. Environ. Evidence 2015, 4, 1–7.
  9. Cronshaw, I. World Energy Outlook 2014 projections to 2040: natural gas and coal trade, and the role of China. Austr. J. Agric. Resour. Econ. 2015, 59, 571–585.
  10. Mboumboue, E.; Njomo, D. Potential Contribution of Renewables to the Improvement of Living Conditions of Poor Rural Households in Developing Countries : Cameroon’s Case Study. Renewable Sustainable Energy Revi. 2016, 61, 266–279.
  11. Obrumah, A.O.; Asuman, D.; Fenny, A.P. Assessing the determinants and drivers of multidimensional energy poverty in Ghana. Energy Policy, 2019, 133, 110884.
  12. Eshetu, S.; Tesfaye, Y. Contribution of Fuel Wood Income from Natural Forests to Household Economy in Delanta District, Northeastern Ethiopia. Int. J.For. Res. 2024, 2024, 8768568.
  13. Dawit Diriba G. 2014. Effect of fuelwood scarcity and socio-economic factors on household bio-based energy use and energy substitution in rural Ethiopia. Energy Policy 2014, 75, 217–227.
  14. Jumbe, C.B.L.; Angelsen, A. Modeling Choice of Fuelwood Source among Rural Households in Malawi: A Multinomial Probit Analysis. Energy Econ. 2011, 33, 732–738.
  15. Bruce, N.; Perez-Padilla, R.; Albalak, R. Indoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries: A Major Environmental and Public Health Challenge. Bull. W. H. O. 2000, 78, 1078–1092.
  16. Démurge, S.; Fournier, M. Poverty and Firewood Consumption: A Case Study of Rural Households in Northern China. China Econ. Rev. 2011, 22, 512–523.
  17. Hussain, J.; Zhou, K.; Akbar, M.; Zafar, M.; Raza, G.; Ali, S.; Hussain, A.; Abbas, Q.; Khan, G. Dependence of Rural Livelihoods on Forest Resources in Naltar Valley, a Dry Temperate Mountainous Region, Pakistan. Global Ecol. Conserv. 2019, 20.
  18. Urge, A.Z.; Feyisa, M.T. Estimation of Households Fuelwood Consumption and Its Carbon Dioxide Emission: A Case Study on Adaba District South East Ethiopia. J. Energy Nat. Res. 2019, 13, 92–102.
  19. Bildirici, M.; Ozaksoy, F. The Relationship between Woody Biomass Consumption and Economic Growth Nonlinear ARDL and Causality. J. For. Econ. 2017, 27, 60–69.
  20. FAO. 2002. A guide for wood fuel surveys. EC-FAO partnership programme (2000–2002) on Sustainable Forest Management. FAO Publication: Rome. December, 2002.
  21. Teklay, G.; Gebraslassie, H.; Mehari, A. Assessing Households’ Fuel Wood Tree Species Preference, the Case of Desa’a Afro Alpine Forest, Tigray. Civ. Environ. Res. 2014, 6, 48–51.
  22. Adanguidi, J.; Padonou, E.A.; Zannou, A.; Houngbo, S.B.E.; Saliou, I.O.; Agbahoungba, S. Fuelwood Consumption and Supply Strategies in Mangrove Forests—Insights from RAMSAR Sites in Benin. For. Policy Econ. 2020, 116, 102192.
  23. Geissler, S.; Hagauer, D.; Horst, A.; Krause, M.; Sutcliffe, P. Biomass Energy Strategy for Ethiopia; European Union Energy Initiative: Eschborn, Germany, 2013; Volume 41.
  24. Ali, N.; Hu, X.; Hussain, J. The Dependency of Rural Livelihood on Forest Resources in Northern Pakistan’s Chaprote Valley. Global Ecol. Conserv. 2020, 22.
  25. Broadhead, J.; Killmann, W. Forests and Energy: Key Issues. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy, 2008.
  26. Gabisa, E.W.; Gheewala, S.H. Potential of Bio-Energy Production in Ethiopia Based on Available Biomass Residues. Biomass Bioenergy 2018, 111, 77–87.
  27. Gilmour, D. Forty Years of Community-Based Forestry. In A Review of Its Extent and Effectiveness; FAO Forestry Paper 176; FAO Forestry Paper: Rome, Italy, 2016.
  28. Feyisa, B.N.; Feyssa, D.H.; Jiru, D.B. Fuel Wood Utilization Impacts on Forest Resources of Gechi District, South Western Ethiopia. J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. 2017, 9, 140–150.
  29. Schiffer, Z. J.; Manthiram, K. Electrification and Decarbonization of the Chemical Industry. Joule 2017, 1, 10–14.
  30. Mittlefehldt, S. Seeing Forests as Fuel: How Conflicting Narratives Have Shaped Woody Biomass Energy Development in the United States Since the 1970s. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 2016, 14, 13–21.
  31. Gebrehiwot, K.; Demissew, S.; Woldu, Z.; Fekadu, M.; Desalegn, T.; Teferi, E. Elevational Changes in Vascular Plants Richness, Diversity, and Distribution Pattern in Abune Yosef Mountain Range, Northern Ethiopia. Plant Diversity 2019, 41, 220–228.
  32. Castaneda, R.; Doan, D.; Newhouse, D.L.; Nguyen, M.; Uematsu, H.; Azevedo, J.P. Who are the poor in the developing world? In World Bank Policy Research Working Paper; World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2016.
  33. Tahir, S.N.A.; Rafique, M.; Alaamer, A.S. Biomass Fuel Burning and Its Implications : Deforestation and Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Pakistan. Environ. Pollut. 2010, 158, 2490–2495.
  34. Babulo, B.; Muys, B.; Nega, F.; Tollens, E.; Nyssen, J.; Deckers, J.; Mathijs, E. Household Livelihood Strategies and Forest Dependence in the Highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Agric. Syst. 2008, 98, 147–155.
  35. Miah, M.D.; Al Rashid, H.; Shin, M.Y. Wood Fuel Use in the Traditional Cooking Stoves in the Rural Floodplain Areas of Bangladesh: A Socio-Environmental Perspective. Biomass Bioenergy 2009, 33, 70–78.
  36. Guta, D.D. Effect of Fuelwood Scarcity and Socio-Economic Factors on Household Bio-Based Energy Use and Energy Substitution in Rural Ethiopia. Energy Policy 2014, 75, 217–227.
  37. Mhache, E.P. Gender Division and Utilization of Natural Resources: A Case Study of Mindu-Tulieni and Makombe Villages in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Huria: J. Open Univ. Tanzania 2014, 16, 25–48.
  38. World Bank. 2009. Environment Crisis or Sustainable Development Opportunity? Available online: https://www.tfcg.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PolicyNote_Charcoal_TZ_08-09.pdf (accessed on 21 March 2009).
  39. Kandel, P.; Chapagain, P.S.; Sharma, L.N.; Vetaas, O.R. Consumption Patterns of Fuelwood in Rural Households of Dolakha District, Nepal: Reflections from Community Forest User Groups. Small-Scale For. 2016, 15, 481–495.
  40. Taylor, R.; Wanjiru, H.; Johnson, O.W.; Johnson, F.X. Modelling Stakeholder Agency to Investigate Sustainable Charcoal Markets in Kenya. Environ. Innovation Societal Transitions 2020, 35, 493–508.
  41. Mekonnen, A.; Köhlin, G. Determinants of Household Fuel Choice in Major Cities in Ethiopia. In Environment for Development; Environment for Development Initiative: Gothenburg, Sweden, 2008.
  42. Gurmessa, F. Floristic Composition and Structural Analysis of Komto Afromontane Rainforest, East Wollega Zone of Oromia Region, West Ethiopia. PhD Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 21 June 2010.
  43. Abate, W.L.; Chawla, A.S. Determinants of Adoption of Renewable Energy Sources towards Reducing Deforestation in Ambo district, West Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. J. Energy Technol. Policy 2016, 3, 23–41.
  44. Baral, S.; Basnyat, B.; Gauli, K.; Paudel, A.; Upadhyaya, R.; Timilsina, Y.P.; Vacik, H. Factors Affecting Fuelwood Consumption and CO2 Emissions: An Example from a Community-Managed Forest of Nepal. Energies 2019, 12, 4492.
  45. Nisanka, S.K.; Misra, M.K.; Sahu, N.C. Economics of Fuel Energy in an Indian Village Ecosystem. Bioresour. Technol. 1992, 39, 249–261.
  46. Rahut, D.B.; Mottaleb, K.A.; Ali, A. Household Energy Consumption and Its Determinants in Timor-Leste. Asian Dev. Rev. 2017, 34, 167–197.
  47. Arnold, J.E.M.; Köhlin, G.; Persson, R. Woodfuels, Livelihoods, and Policy Interventions: Changing Perspectives. World Dev. 2006, 34, 596–611.
  48. Kebede, B.; Bekele, A.; Kedir, E. Can the Urban Poor Afford Modern Energy? The Case of Ethiopia. Energy Policy 2002, 30, 1029–1045.
  49. Muller, C.; Yan, H. Household Fuel Use in Developing Countries: Review of Theory and Evidence. Energy Econ. 2018, 70, 429–439.
  50. Chen, L.; Heerink, N.; Berg, M.V. Energy Consumption in Rural China: A Household Model for Three Villages in Jiangxi Province. Ecol. Econ. 2006, 58, 407–420.
  51. Wollenberg, E. Methods for Estimating Forest Income and Their Challenges. Soc. Nat. Resour. 2010, 13, 777–795.
  52. Asfaw, A.; Lemenih, M.; Kassa, H.; Ewnetu, Z. Forest Policy and Economics Importance, Determinants and Gender Dimensions of Forest Income in Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia: The Case of Communities around Jelo Afromontane Forest. For. Policy Econ. 2013, 28, 1–7.
  53. Commercial Woodfuel Production. Available online: https://www.esmap.org/sites/default/files/esmap-files/FINAL-CommercialWoodfuel-KS12-12_Optimized.pdf (accessed on 8 January 2013).
  54. Abu-madi, M.; Rayyan, M.A. Estimation of Main Greenhouse Gases Emission from Household Energy Consumption in the West Bank, Palestine. Environ. Pollut. 2013, 179, 250–257.
  55. Kyaw, K.T.W.; Ota, T.; Mizoue, N. Forest Degradation Impacts Firewood Consumption Patterns: A Case Study in the Buffer Zone of Inlay Lake Biosphere Reserve, Myanmar. Global Ecol. Conserv. 2020, 24.
  56. Wood, T.S.; Baldwin, S. Fuelwood and Charcoal Use in Developing Countries. Annu. Rev. Energy 1985, 9, 407–429.
  57. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available online: http://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Documents (accessed on 13 November 2013).
  58. Brouwer, R.; Falcão, M.P. Wood Fuel Consumption in Maputo, Mozambique. Biomass Bioenergy 2004, 27, 233–245.