Journal of Astrophysics and Cosmology

Articles

No Big Bang: Vacuum-Polarized Growth in High-z Galaxies

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https://doi.org/10.54963/jac.v1i1.2311
Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025): In Progress

Authors

  • Michael E. Boyd

    Construction and Energy Management Department, Cabrillo College, Aptos, CA 95003, USA

Received: 4 July 2025; Revised: 29 August 2025; Accepted: 7 September 2025; Published: 1 October 2025

The distant galaxies GN-z11 (z ≈ 10.957) and CAPERS-LRD-z9 (z ≈ 9), recently observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), challenge conventional cosmology with their compact sizes, remarkably compact morphologies, intense starburst activities, and over massive central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) relative to stellar masses. GN-z11's SMBH is approximately 1.6 × 106 solar masses in a ~ 109 solar mass galaxy, while CAPERS-LRD-z9's is ~38 × 106 solar masses with a stellar upper limit below <109 solar masses, yielding ratios far above local norms. This paper proposes an alternative model where the universe grows organically, akin to a budding plant, without a Big Bang. New structures emerge from vacuum-polarized SMBH seeds, driven by quantum fluctuations. Redshifts are reinterpreted as gravitational, amplified by Harold Puthoff’s polarizable vacuum (PV) model, in which the vacuum refractive index parameter K > 1 significantly enhances photon energy loss. Overmassive SMBHs create deep potential wells, thereby enhancing effective gravity, slowing time, and causing photon energy loss upon escape. Quantitative estimates using the PV framework demonstrate that these amplified gravitational effects can readily produce observed redshifts of z ∼ 9–11 on galactic scales. This explains high redshifts without cosmic expansion, attributing "early" features to local budding. The model posits dual gravity: attractive in dense buds, repulsive in voids. Predictions include asymmetric lines and overmassive BHs in high-z objects, testable with JWST. A table of the 14 farthest galaxies highlights limited BH data availability. This unifies nanoscale Casimir experiments with cosmic observations.

Keywords:

Gravitational Redshift Vacuum Polarization Overmassive SMBHs High-Redshift Galaxies Organic Universe Growth Puthoff Polarizable Vacuum Model Dual Gravity JWST Observations

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