The Impact of Nature-Integrated Physical Activity on Mental Health and Quality of Life Among Older Adults in Urban Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract:

This cross-sectional study investigates the effects of nature-integrated physical activity (NIPA) on mental health (depression, anxiety, life satisfaction) and quality of life (QoL) among community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) in urban areas. Data were collected from 2,153 participants across five countries (USA, Spain, Australia, Canada, and Japan) between 2021–2023. Participants were categorized into three groups: regular NIPA (outdoor physical activity in natural settings ≥3 times/week), indoor physical activity (IPA) ≥3 times/week, and inactive (physical activity <1 time/week). Results showed that regular NIPA was associated with significantly lower depression (β=-0.36, p<0.001) and anxiety (β=-0.31, p<0.001), higher life satisfaction (β=0.42, p<0.001), and better overall QoL (β=0.38, p<0.001) compared to IPA and inactive groups. Key moderators included frequency of NIPA, duration of sessions, and perceived access to urban natural spaces. Findings highlight NIPA as a cost-effective, accessible intervention to support healthy aging in urban environments, offering actionable insights for public health policymakers, urban planners, and community organizations.