As the penetration of renewable energy soars in power systems, engineers are continuously seeking better ways to improve the efficiencies of renewable energy conversion systems. This study investigates a MATLAB (matrix laboratory)-based control strategy for power management in a hybrid direct current (DC) microgrid incorporating photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, and battery storage. The objective is to enhance the stability and efficiency of energy distribution through advanced power control techniques. A simulation-driven methodology was employed to assess the performance of various control strategies, including Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and battery management algorithms, under dynamic environmental conditions. Key findings show that PV voltage fluctuates between 200 V and 300 V, with power outputs ranging from 500 W to 1,200 W, highlighting the system's adaptability to changes in irradiance. The battery system maintains voltage stability at 250 V with current fluctuations within ±5 A, ensuring effective load balancing. The integration of PV, wind, and battery systems optimizes power synchronization, with PV power ranging from 1,000 W to 2,000 W, wind power stabilizing around 3,000 W, and battery power oscillating between −2,000 W and 1,000 W. The results demonstrate that advanced control algorithms significantly reduce power fluctuations, ensuring stable microgrid operation and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources for decentralized and off-grid applications. These findings underscore the potential for improving energy efficiency and supporting sustainable energy infrastructure development.
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