Volume 1 Issue 1 (2025)

This work presents a novel and innovative design approach for Graphene Nano-Ribbon Field Effect Transistors (GNR FETs), uniquely employing Zigzag Graphene Nano-Ribbons (ZGNRs) as electrodes and Armchair Graphene Nano-Ribbons (AGNRs) as the channel region. To deeply understand device performance, rigorous first-principles modeling was conducted, leveraging Extended-Hückel formalism alongside Landauer-Buttiker transport theory. Extensive Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations systematically explored the impact of critical parameters such as doping concentration (ND), gate voltage (Vg), and drain voltage (Vd) on transistor behavior. However, the computational intensity associated with such comprehensive analyses necessitated the introduction of an advanced Machine Learning (ML)-assisted methodology, specifically employing a Conventional Artificial Neural Network (C-ANN). Remarkably, this ML-driven strategy achieved highly accurate results within significantly reduced computational times of just 80–90 seconds, underscoring its practicality and efficiency. Furthermore, the intrinsic 2.71 eV band gap of the pristine AGNR channel was effectively modulated in a broad range (0.013–1.6 eV) through controlled doping and engineered defects. An N-passivated AGNR FET demonstrated an extraordinary 157 times enhancement in drive current, although its negligible band gap raised concerns regarding leakage currents. Alternatively, the N-doped Stone-Wales AGNR FET provided a well-balanced performance with a 33.21 nA drive current and a suitable 0.58 eV band gap, substantially reducing leakage risks, enhancing thermal stability, and improving peak inverse voltage robustness. This pioneering ML-assisted C-ANN approach highlights significant potential for accelerating accurate and reliable nano-transistor analyses.

Coupled oscillations of ring lattices with different types of dielectric resonators are considered. New analytical equations for complex frequencies and amplitudes of resonators, without restrictions on their number, are obtained. General analytical solutions for the frequencies and amplitudes of coupled oscillations for different ring lattices built on different resonators are found. It is noted that the obtained equations are also suitable for describing coupled oscillations of a ring lattices with degenerate oscillations of resonators, as well as with structures that contain ring lattices with different number elements. In general, the solutions for eigen waves propagating in periodic ring structures of DR are found. The solutions for several ring lattices consisting of two, three and four resonators of different types are compared with the numerical values found from the eigenvalues of the general coupling matrix. Good agreement between the analytical and the numerical results of calculating of the coupling matrix eigenvalues is demonstrated. The developed theory is the basis for the design and optimization of parameters of different devices of the microwave, theraherz and optical wavelength ranges, that built on a large number of dielectric resonators of various types. New equations obtained for calculating coupled oscillations of dielectric resonators also allow build more efficient models of scattering for optimization of various dielectric metamaterials.

 This research explores the integration of smart charging technologies within Beijing's electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure. With Beijing's eyes set on becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, the growth of EVs and the necessary charging stations is of paramount importance. This paper studies the recent developments in the smart charging systems, including the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology, the Ultrafast charging, and the smart grid. It also includes the issues which Beijing encounters, namely, grid capacity, infrastructure construction, cybersecurity and consumer adoption. The article provides insights into practical implementation and case studies of the successful deployment by such companies as XPeng and Shell. The possibilities of future charging technologies, such as 800V solutions or wireless charging, are discussed, and the relevant policy recommendations toward faster implementation of smart charging solutions are provided. These results support the need to sustain the investment, innovation, and collaboration in order to guarantee the success of Beijing's vehicle infrastructure and the emergence of the city as a global leader of sustainable urban transport.

As wearable health monitoring systems become increasingly integral to personal healthcare, the challenge of powering these devices to ensure continuous, real-time operation is of paramount importance. This article looks into the different power considerations and demands in health monitoring wearables, and the major issue concerning power solutions needs to be addressed effectively. It talks about the new methods of power management, including dynamic power scaling, energy-efficient algorithms, and sleep mode to achieve a long battery life. It also brings to light newer energy harvesting technologies, like kinetic energy, heat-based energy and solar, as well as new battery technologies such as solid-state batteries and flexible batteries. Their combination with low-power parts and wireless communication standards is helping to build sustainable power extensively. Finally, the article indicates a detailed description of the role that these power solutions play in enhancing the longevity, efficiency and reliability of wearable devices to emerge as effective to be used as continuous health monitoring.

Smart grids represent the next evolution of energy infrastructure, incorporating advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, renewable energy integration, and real-time monitoring to enhance grid efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. With such systems networked all over the world, there is a high demand for a proper regulatory and policy framework that will nurture the growth of such systems. This paper describes the current trends in smart grid technologies and sketches out the demands made on formative policymakers to develop adaptive and safe regulatory frameworks. It looks into data privacy, cybersecurity, and decentralized energy markets, as well as the incorporation of electric vehicles and blockchain in energy trading. This article uses case studies based in the United States, European Union, China, and India to present a wide range of regulatory policies and pinpoint some of the central recommendations on how to improve smart grid policies, such as standard harmonization, investment incentives, and social fairness. Through resolving these issues, the article proposes to have a better and elaborate knowledge of how to ensure that regulatory frameworks support the successful application of smart grids, leading to a cleaner and resilient energy future.