FEM Design and Analysis of PMBLDC Hub Motor for Electric Scooter

This work presents design, performance evaluation and analysis of permanent magnet brushless direct current (PMBLDC) hub motor suitable for application to light electric vehicles (LEV) such as a scooter using finite element method (FEM). Designed for a 1.5 kW motor, the study addresses operational requirements of curb weight of 200 kg, speeds of 30–40 kmph, and the ability to ascend inclines up to 20⁰. The customized motor design, power rating, and analysis is developed to match the requirements of the chosen appropriate vehicle parameters for the best possible torque-speed profile requiring least power. The design and analysis of the motor of the electric propulsion system applicable is capable for the Indian coastal topographical, urban and rural driving conditions. The analysis of the designed hub motor adheres to International Energy (IE) standards for IE3 performance efficiency. The study provides an insight in developing improved precise digital controller for high level accuracy and energy efficiency by incorporating advanced microelectronics and control techniques including artificial intelligence and machine learning. From this study and analysis, it has been observed that maximum torque density with small torque pulsation can be efficiently achieved for steady state, dynamic and ramp conditions with PI controller technique as the high-speed control accuracy and good dynamic responses are of vital importance for light electrical vehicle.