Campgrounds in urban parks have become increasingly popular destinations for urban residents, with camping emerging as an important recreational attraction. Enhancing their sustainability requires understanding camper satisfaction determinants, yet comprehensive studies in the urban context remain scarce. Our study fills this gap by analyzing 17,554 social media comments from 6 urban parks through integrated methods: grounded theory identified 29 environmental factors across 6 categories (accessibility, physical attributes, experience perception, functionality, safety, management); sentiment analysis assessed the performance of the 29 factors; while Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) and Social-Media-Based Improvement Index (SMII) prioritized interventions. Results reveal a clear IPA-SMII complementarity: IPA captures latent expectations (e.g., commercial services as important but non-urgent), whereas SMII detects active management crises (e.g., parking and pedestrian flow control provoking immediate frustration). Across the 6 parks, factors related to physical attributes generally showed higher satisfaction levels, while issues related to management and facilities exhibited greater variability and urgency. These findings offer actionable insights for optimizing urban campgrounds by enabling administrators to resolve acute infrastructural deficiencies while holistically enhancing visitor experiences and eventually contributing to sustainable management.