Bangladesh is emerging as a key case for climate-resilient agriculture in circumstances of land scarcity and environmental stress. This review collates existing evidence towards understanding the role of sustainable agriculture practices and land restoration interventions in supporting food security and resilience. Systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, integrating peer-reviewed studies and institutional reports. The system settings include four main interventions: climate-smart crop diversification, improved soil fertility management, efficient water resource management, and ecosystem restoration. Our findings demonstrate that, although these interventions led to higher productivity and adaptive capacity of beneficiaries as compared to non-beneficiaries, their effectiveness differs greatly across agro-ecological zones due to differences in access to inputs, institutional support and adoption by farmers. In addition to descriptive synthesis, this study employs a comparative and policy-oriented perspective by highlighting the technological, ecological and institutional dimensions of agricultural transformation. The results highlight that no single intervention is sufficient, and if anything, a coordinated and adaptive approach is necessary in order to make a sustainable impact. In the end, Bangladesh’s experience is transferable to other climate-vulnerable areas in how integrated and goal-oriented approaches can lead to adjusted resilience outcomes for smallholder farming systems, achieving productivity vs. environment sustainability balance with strong governance systems and sound extension service delivery.