AI-Driven "Exhibition–Clinical" Linkage Model for Precision Marketing of High-End Medical Devices

Zhao Yang ORCID
    Received: 31 March 2026; Revised: 17 April 2026; Accepted: 23 April 2026; Published: 23 October 2026

    Abstract

    Traditional exhibition-based marketing shows that important limitations have emerged in the high-end medical device sector. Moreover, the significant evidence indicates that intensifying competition and the rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence technologies have made these key limitations more difficult to ignore. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that an innovation framework for precision marketing of high-end medical devices under an "Exhibition–Clinical" linkage model, with an AI-based information system serving as its technical foundation, could provide important results. In light of the significant data, empirical findings from three medical device enterprises indicate that the framework's operational effectiveness appears demonstrable. Study uses mixed-method design. The significant framework shows that questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, and multi-source database analysis appear integrated as key analytical approaches. However, the results indicate that analytical tools, including machine learning algorithms, structural equation modeling, and grounded theory, could demonstrate important methodological rigor. This study addresses a critical gap in the literature: existing research on medical device marketing rarely integrates exhibition-stage behavioral data with clinical follow-up processes in a unified AI-driven framework. By establishing a temporally coordinated, data-continuous linkage model, this paper contributes both a replicable digital transformation pathway and empirical benchmarks for precision marketing in the high-end medical device sector. Evidence shows framework provides replicable structure. In light of these important results, the proposed study shows that a practical pathway for digital marketing transformation might demonstrate important value for the medical device industry.

    Keywords

    References

    1. 1.Ost-Mor, S.; Titelman, E.; Zlyesov, E.; et al. Environmental Adaptation for Person-Centered Care: Lessons from an Underground Medical Facility. Innov. Aging 2025, 9, igaf122.3258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaf122.3258
    2. 2.Wang, G.M.; Zeng, K.Q.; Xiao, Y.; et al. Consistency Evaluation between Domestic Mid-to-High-End and Imported Medical Devices. China Med. Device Inf. 2025, 31, 70–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15971/j.cnki.cmdi.2025.17.012 (in Chinese)
    3. 3.Virgilio, D.V.; Maldonado, S.M.; Saindon, B.A.; et al. Enhancing Sustainability of Medical Devices Procurement in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Int. J. Sustain. Eng. 2025, 18, 2547595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2025.2547595
    4. 4.Ianev, D.; Mori, M.; Vigani, B.; et al. Substance-Based Medical Device in Wound Care: Bridging Regulatory Clarity and Therapeutic Innovation. Polymers 2025, 18, 129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18010129
    5. 5.Bloemen, B.; Türk, Z.; Oortwijn, W. PP35 Assessing Medical Devices: A Qualitative Study from the Perspective of "Values in Doing Assessments of Health Technologies". Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 2025, 41, S95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462325102547
    6. 6.Sanderson, A.; Strachan, L.; Walleser Autiero, S.; et al. PP64 The Problem of Applying Risk-of-Bias Tools in Studies of Medical Devices: A Case Study in Hypertension. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 2025, 41, S109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462325102833
    7. 7.Rodrigues, A.M.X.; de Souza, M.V.; Galdino, K.E.; et al. PP17 Evidence and Economic Models Used by CONITEC in the Evaluation and Incorporation of Medical Devices in the Unified Health System. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 2025, 41, S86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462325102377
    8. 8.Cui, Y.H.; Ren, X.Q.; Wang, X.J.; et al. Promoting Industrial Innovation Capacity in High-End Medical Devices through Medicine–Engineering Integration. J. Pract. Med. Tech. 2024, 31, 77–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19522/j.cnki.1671-5098.2024.02.001 (in Chinese)
    9. 9.Feng, T.; Guo, L.H.; Dong, J.W.; et al. Venture Capital, Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, and Core Technology Breakthroughs: Empirical Evidence from the High-End Medical Device Industry. Stud. Sci. Sci. 2024, 42, 1255–1265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.16192/j.cnki.1003-2053.20230630.001 (in Chinese)
    10. 10.Bai, R.S.; Li, M.G.; Zhao, D.Y. Support and Service of Medical Metrology in High-End Medical Device Development. Electron. Compon. Inf. Technol. 2025, 9, 117–119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19772/j.cnki.2096-4455.2025.03.036 (in Chinese)
    11. 11.Chen, Q.Y.; Wu, X.H. Promoting the Healthy Development of Shanghai's High-End Medical Device Industry. Procur. View 2025, 26–27. (in Chinese)
    12. 12.Toscas, F.; Mayrink, N.; Canuto Santos, V.C.; et al. PD01 Advances in the Incorporation of Medical Devices: A Case Study on Technology Developed by a Brazilian University. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 2025, 41, S39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462325101396
    13. 13.Piniazhko, O.; Mahanova, T.; Otrubchak, Y.; et al. PP90 Horizon Scanning for Medical Device and Non-Medical Technologies in Ukraine: An Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Case Study. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 2025, 41, S121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462325103073
    14. 14.Mueller, D.; Pegg, M.; Dutta Majumdar, A. PP82 Environmental Sustainability Assessment across the Medical Device Life Cycle: Taking the Viewpoint of Low Resource Settings. Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care 2025, 41, S117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266462325102997
    15. 15.Ferreira, C.A.; Sezer, S.; Palladino, G.; et al. Safeguarding Innovation in Dialysis—Rethinking the EU Medical Device Regulation. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2025, 41, 812–815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaf270
    16. 16.Jiang, M.; Huang, J.; Wang, L. Adaptive User Interfaces for Wearable Medical Devices Using Deep Q-Learning and Golden Jackal Optimization. Sci. Rep. 2025, 15, 44776. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28937-z
    17. 17.Safari, A.; Hooshmand, M.; Sadeghi, S.; et al. Secure Access to Implantable Medical Devices: A Deep Learning-Driven Protocol Using ECG Signals. Array 2026, 29, 100650. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2025.100650
    18. 18.Sabet, M.; Ghimire, B.; Parekh, M.; et al. Self-Powered Wearable Medical Devices for Cognitively Impaired Older Adults. Alzheimers Dement. 2025, 21, e103821. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70858_103821
    19. 19.Cleland, R.C.; Tufail, A.; Egan, C.; et al. Independent and Openly Reported Head-to-Head Comparative Validation Studies of AI Medical Devices: A Necessary Step towards Safe and Responsible Clinical AI Deployment. Lancet Digit. Health 2026, 7, 100915. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landig.2025.100915
    20. 20.Shashikumar, N. Predictive Maintenance and Inventory Optimization in Medical Device Supply Chains: A Data-Driven Approach. Netw. Model. Anal. Health Inform. Bioinform. 2025, 15, 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13721-025-00673-4
    21. 21.Sahu, P.; Sonawane, K.H.; Patil, K.U.; et al. Next-Generation Healthcare: Unveiling the Potential of 3D and 4D Printing in Personalized Medicine and Medical Devices. Next Mater. 2026, 10, 101558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101558
    22. 22.Booth, A.; Chowaniec, M.; Goyal, S.; et al. The Carbon Footprints of Single-Use and Reusable Medical Devices: A Systematic Review. BMJ Open 2025, 15, e108446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108446
    23. 23.Farr, H.T.N.; Owen, J.E.; Bhalekar, M.R. UK Consumer Protection and the Debate for Reform in Medical Device Liability. Laws 2025, 15, 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/laws15010001
    24. 24.Mateen, A.B.; Aryeetey, B.; Darko, M.D. Do We Need Prequalification of AI as a Medical Device to Drive Equitable Adoption. NPJ Digit. Med. 2025, 8, 785. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02151-7
    25. 25.Cisse, H.S.; Khaterchi, A.; Laplanche, S.; et al. Suppliers of In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices (IVD-MD) in the Age of Sustainable Development: A 2025 Overview. Ann. Biol. Clin. 2025, 83, 597–607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1684/abc.2025.2009 (in French)
    26. 26.Valenzuela, C.S.; Laínez, J.L.J.; Ruíz, G.P.M.; et al. Prevention and Treatment of Skin Tears Using a Class I Medical Device: A Clinical Case with Multiple Injuries. Enferm. Clin. 2025, 36, 502358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2025.502358
    27. 27.Mishali, M.; Sheffer, N.; Negev, M. Challenges and Dynamics in Reporting Medical Device Incidents: A Qualitative Study. Front. Health Serv. 2025, 5, 1720494. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2025.1720494
    28. 28.Jiang, B. Development Trends of High-End Emergency Medical Equipment. China Equip. Eng. 2023, 249–251. (in Chinese)
    29. 29.Rooney, I.S.; Jelenewicz, M.S. Voice of the Customer Videos: An Educational Tool to Identify Unmet Clinical Needs and Develop Empathy for Medical Device Users. Biomed. Eng. Educ. 2025, 6, 153–169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43683-025-00206-5
    30. 30.Hathout, L.; Shin, E.Y.; Rojanasarot, S.; et al. Real-World Medical Device Reports of SpaceOAR Hydrogel Spacer: Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) Database. Adv. Radiat. Oncol. 2025, 10, 101824. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adro.2025.101824
    31. 31.Hara, A.; Tanimoto, T.; Ozieranski, P.; et al. Quantifying Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Industry–Physician Financial Ties: An Analysis of Honorarium Payments to Japanese Medical Association Leadership between 2019 and 2021. Health Policy Technol. 2025, 14, 101081. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2025.101081
    32. 32.Zapotoczny, G.; Snitman, A.; Shah, P.; et al. Describing Inconsistencies in Pediatric Labeling of Medical Devices. JAMA Netw. Open 2025, 8, e2546517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.46517
    33. 33.Alshaikh, A.R.; Walsh, A.K.; Spillane, S.; et al. HPR145 Navigating Implementation of the EU HTA Regulation for Medical Devices: Insights from National HTA Bodies across Europe. Value Health 2025, 28, S349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2025.09.1552
    34. 34.Shin, M.; Bae, J.; Ozmel, U. Effect of Venture Capital Investment Horizon on New Product Development: Evidence from the Medical Device Sector. J. Bus. Ventur. 2025, 40, 106454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2024.106454
    35. 35.Walzer, S.; Jost, J.; Walzer, Y.; et al. HPR217 Three Systems, One Market? A Comparative Analysis of Medical Device Reimbursement in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Value Health 2025, 28, S365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2025.09.1624
    36. 36.Vinblad, J.; Dalin, S.; Forsmark, A. HTA146 Exploring Nordic Real-World Evidence Sources for a PICO Assessment of a Hypothetical Oncology Drug and Medical Device Product. Value Health 2025, 28, S431–S432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2025.09.1931
    37. 37.Maslyankov, I.; Uchendu, M.C.; Hyseni, L. HTA127 Equality Considerations in NICE Guidance of Medical Devices, Digital and Diagnostic Technologies, and Interventional Procedures. Value Health 2025, 28, S427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2025.09.1912
    38. 38.Wei, W.; Yang, Y.; Li, Z.F.; et al. Current Status and Prospects of High-End Emergency Medical Equipment Research and Development in China. China Med. Equip. 2021, 18, 183–187. (in Chinese)
    39. 39.Navneet, K.; Shankar, P. Health Technology Assessment in the Early Phases of Development of Medical Devices: A Catalyst for Sustainable Growth and Innovation. Indian J. Community Med. 2025, 50, S305–S309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJCM.IJCM_182_24
    40. 40.Bracciale, L.; Riozzi, S.; Panico, G.; et al. Quantifying Medical Device Cybersecurity Risk with CVSS BTE. Sci. Rep. 2025, 15, 42635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-26898-x
    41. 41.Aboamer, A.M.; Almousa, R.; Alassaf, A.; et al. A Novel SEM Image Processing Approach for Evaluating Sterilization Effects on Polymeric Medical Devices: Validation against Traditional EDX Analysis. Polymers 2025, 17, 3156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17233156
    42. 42.Mehta, V.; Komanduri, A.; Bhadouriya, S.R.; et al. Evaluating Transparency in AI/ML Model Characteristics for FDA-Reviewed Medical Devices. NPJ Digit. Med. 2025, 8, 673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-02052-9
    43. 43.Wu, P. Application Pathways of Generative AI Technology in Medical Device Performance Auditing. China Manag. Inform. 2026, 29, 91–94. (in Chinese)
    44. 44.Raluca, E.; Sinescu, C.; Negruțiu, L.M.; et al. Generation of Medical Devices That Measure and Optimize Patient Posture in Dental Practice. Proceedings 2025, 127, 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025127032
    45. 45.Sewagegn, N.; Tilahun, T.; Dessie, G.; et al. Assessment of the Operational Status of Medical Equipment in Public Hospitals in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Sub-National Study. Discov. Health Syst. 2025, 4, 131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44250-025-00312-9
    46. 46.Moneer, O.; Kadakia, T.K.; Dhruva, S.S.; et al. Hospital Acquisition Costs for Breakthrough-Designated Devices Awarded Supplemental Medicare Reimbursement. JAMA Health Forum 2025, 6, e255183. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2025.5183
    47. 47.Feng, K.D.; Hao, L.L.; Li, Y.Q.; et al. Research Progress and Applications of Intelligent Assisted Diagnostic and Therapeutic Devices. China Med. Equip. 2024, 21, 184–188. (in Chinese)
    48. 48.Kadhirvel, V.; Parameswari, A.S.; Yashika, A.T.; et al. Evaluation of AI in Pharmaceutical Medical Devices Using Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials: A Review. J. Pharm. Res. Int. 2025, 37, 78–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/JPRI/2025/V37I117768
    49. 49.Craven, A.B.; Basciano, A.C.; Afshari, P.; et al. Computational Modeling and Simulation for Medical Devices: A Summary of the 2024 FDA/MDIC Symposium. Prog. Biomed. Eng. 2025, 8, 013001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1091/ae1c05
    50. 50.Jonsi, T.; Samidh, S.; Anshul, B.; et al. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Reporting of Adverse Events due to Medical Devices among Healthcare Workers in Gujarat. Indian J. Pharmacol. 2025, 57, 409–413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJP.IJP_754_24
    ×