A Brain-Based Learning Augmented Reality Framework Combined with the Tri Kaya Parisudha Values for Early Childhood Character Education

Most technology advancements for early childhood education focus on cognitive development. They tend to neglect character education that incorporates local wisdom and integrative methods. Thus, this study aims to design, develop, and evaluate a brain-based learning (BBL) and Tri Kaya Parisudha values (Manacika, Wacika, Kayika) Augmented Reality (AR) framework. Using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model of instructional design, the development process of the AR framework is made as systematic as possible. The developed AR media is interactive and provides multisensory, emotionally fused learning experiences through 3D visualization, animation, and interactive story. Such experiences are designed to stimulate neural pathways important for cognitive and moral development. The learning experiences align with the thematic teaching of the positive values integrated into the Indonesian early childhood education (ECE) curriculum. The validity and practicability of the AR framework were assessed through expert review and its functionality with preschool-aged children, using a quasi-experimental design. The design of the pedagogical media and the integration of culture were validated by the experts and scored highly for validity. The classroom application had an exceptionally positive impact on children's prosocial, critical thinking, and communicative behavior. The study claims that the suggested AR framework is a constructive technological and pedagogical framework to promote Character Education. It integrates cutting-edge technology, neuroscientific learning, and cultural values, providing a model to design contextually appropriate educational technology for early childhood education.