Regulatory Effects of Urban Green Spaces on Residents' Health Under the Background of Climate Change: A Cross - Climate Zone Study

Abstract:

This study explores the regulatory effects of urban green spaces on residents' health under climate change across five climate zones (temperate, subtropical, tropical, arid, and cold) from 2021 to 2024. By integrating remote sensing data of green spaces, meteorological data, and health survey data from 15 cities, we analyzed how green space characteristics (coverage, vegetation type, accessibility) moderate the impacts of climate change - related factors (heatwaves, air pollution, extreme precipitation) on residents' physical (cardiovascular health, heat - related illnesses) and mental health (anxiety, stress). Results show that urban green spaces with high coverage (≥30%) and diverse vegetation types can reduce heatwave - induced mortality by 18% - 25% and alleviate air pollution - related respiratory symptoms by 12% - 19% across climate zones. However, the regulatory effect varies by climate: in arid zones, green spaces with drought - resistant vegetation show better heat mitigation; in cold zones, evergreen green spaces contribute more to mental health improvement. This research provides evidence for optimizing urban green space planning to enhance public health resilience under climate change.