Policy Synergies Between Climate Action and Biodiversity Conservation in Urban Green Economy Transitions

Abstract:

Urbanization-driven green economy transitions increasingly require simultaneous progress on climate mitigation/adaptation and biodiversity conservation, yet these policy domains often operate in silos. This paper explores policy synergies and trade-offs between climate action and biodiversity conservation in urban contexts, using case studies from Melbourne (Australia), Delhi (India), and Lagos (Nigeria). It identifies three key pathways for integration: nature-based solutions that deliver dual climate and biodiversity benefits, circular economy practices that reduce resource extraction pressures, and spatial planning frameworks that protect ecological corridors while enabling low-carbon development. The analysis highlights the need for adaptive governance mechanisms to balance competing priorities, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. Findings contribute to global debates on policy integration across climate, biodiversity, and sustainable urbanization agendas.